// Copyright 2016 Amanieu d'Antras
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or
// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. This file may not be
// copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.

use lock_api;
use raw_mutex::RawMutex;

/// A mutual exclusion primitive useful for protecting shared data
///
/// This mutex will block threads waiting for the lock to become available. The
/// mutex can also be statically initialized or created via a `new`
/// constructor. Each mutex has a type parameter which represents the data that
/// it is protecting. The data can only be accessed through the RAII guards
/// returned from `lock` and `try_lock`, which guarantees that the data is only
/// ever accessed when the mutex is locked.
///
/// # Fairness
///
/// A typical unfair lock can often end up in a situation where a single thread
/// quickly acquires and releases the same mutex in succession, which can starve
/// other threads waiting to acquire the mutex. While this improves performance
/// because it doesn't force a context switch when a thread tries to re-acquire
/// a mutex it has just released, this can starve other threads.
///
/// This mutex uses [eventual fairness](https://trac.webkit.org/changeset/203350)
/// to ensure that the lock will be fair on average without sacrificing
/// performance. This is done by forcing a fair unlock on average every 0.5ms,
/// which will force the lock to go to the next thread waiting for the mutex.
///
/// Additionally, any critical section longer than 1ms will always use a fair
/// unlock, which has a negligible performance impact compared to the length of
/// the critical section.
///
/// You can also force a fair unlock by calling `MutexGuard::unlock_fair` when
/// unlocking a mutex instead of simply dropping the `MutexGuard`.
///
/// # Differences from the standard library `Mutex`
///
/// - No poisoning, the lock is released normally on panic.
/// - Only requires 1 byte of space, whereas the standard library boxes the
///   `Mutex` due to platform limitations.
/// - Can be statically constructed (requires the `const_fn` nightly feature).
/// - Does not require any drop glue when dropped.
/// - Inline fast path for the uncontended case.
/// - Efficient handling of micro-contention using adaptive spinning.
/// - Allows raw locking & unlocking without a guard.
/// - Supports eventual fairness so that the mutex is fair on average.
/// - Optionally allows making the mutex fair by calling `MutexGuard::unlock_fair`.
///
/// # Examples
///
/// ```
/// use std::sync::Arc;
/// use parking_lot::Mutex;
/// use std::thread;
/// use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
///
/// const N: usize = 10;
///
/// // Spawn a few threads to increment a shared variable (non-atomically), and
/// // let the main thread know once all increments are done.
/// //
/// // Here we're using an Arc to share memory among threads, and the data inside
/// // the Arc is protected with a mutex.
/// let data = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0));
///
/// let (tx, rx) = channel();
/// for _ in 0..10 {
///     let (data, tx) = (data.clone(), tx.clone());
///     thread::spawn(move || {
///         // The shared state can only be accessed once the lock is held.
///         // Our non-atomic increment is safe because we're the only thread
///         // which can access the shared state when the lock is held.
///         let mut data = data.lock();
///         *data += 1;
///         if *data == N {
///             tx.send(()).unwrap();
///         }
///         // the lock is unlocked here when `data` goes out of scope.
///     });
/// }
///
/// rx.recv().unwrap();
/// ```
pub type Mutex<T> = lock_api::Mutex<RawMutex, T>;

/// An RAII implementation of a "scoped lock" of a mutex. When this structure is
/// dropped (falls out of scope), the lock will be unlocked.
///
/// The data protected by the mutex can be accessed through this guard via its
/// `Deref` and `DerefMut` implementations.
pub type MutexGuard<'a, T> = lock_api::MutexGuard<'a, RawMutex, T>;

/// An RAII mutex guard returned by `MutexGuard::map`, which can point to a
/// subfield of the protected data.
///
/// The main difference between `MappedMutexGuard` and `MutexGuard` is that the
/// former doesn't support temporarily unlocking and re-locking, since that
/// could introduce soundness issues if the locked object is modified by another
/// thread.
pub type MappedMutexGuard<'a, T> = lock_api::MappedMutexGuard<'a, RawMutex, T>;

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
    use std::sync::Arc;
    use std::thread;
    use {Condvar, Mutex};

    struct Packet<T>(Arc<(Mutex<T>, Condvar)>);

    #[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Debug)]
    struct NonCopy(i32);

    unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for Packet<T> {}
    unsafe impl<T> Sync for Packet<T> {}

    #[test]
    fn smoke() {
        let m = Mutex::new(());
        drop(m.lock());
        drop(m.lock());
    }

    #[test]
    fn lots_and_lots() {
        const J: u32 = 1000;
        const K: u32 = 3;

        let m = Arc::new(Mutex::new(0));

        fn inc(m: &Mutex<u32>) {
            for _ in 0..J {
                *m.lock() += 1;
            }
        }

        let (tx, rx) = channel();
        for _ in 0..K {
            let tx2 = tx.clone();
            let m2 = m.clone();
            thread::spawn(move || {
                inc(&m2);
                tx2.send(()).unwrap();
            });
            let tx2 = tx.clone();
            let m2 = m.clone();
            thread::spawn(move || {
                inc(&m2);
                tx2.send(()).unwrap();
            });
        }

        drop(tx);
        for _ in 0..2 * K {
            rx.recv().unwrap();
        }
        assert_eq!(*m.lock(), J * K * 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn try_lock() {
        let m = Mutex::new(());
        *m.try_lock().unwrap() = ();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_into_inner() {
        let m = Mutex::new(NonCopy(10));
        assert_eq!(m.into_inner(), NonCopy(10));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_into_inner_drop() {
        struct Foo(Arc<AtomicUsize>);
        impl Drop for Foo {
            fn drop(&mut self) {
                self.0.fetch_add(1, Ordering::SeqCst);
            }
        }
        let num_drops = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(0));
        let m = Mutex::new(Foo(num_drops.clone()));
        assert_eq!(num_drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
        {
            let _inner = m.into_inner();
            assert_eq!(num_drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 0);
        }
        assert_eq!(num_drops.load(Ordering::SeqCst), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_mut() {
        let mut m = Mutex::new(NonCopy(10));
        *m.get_mut() = NonCopy(20);
        assert_eq!(m.into_inner(), NonCopy(20));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mutex_arc_condvar() {
        let packet = Packet(Arc::new((Mutex::new(false), Condvar::new())));
        let packet2 = Packet(packet.0.clone());
        let (tx, rx) = channel();
        let _t = thread::spawn(move || {
            // wait until parent gets in
            rx.recv().unwrap();
            let &(ref lock, ref cvar) = &*packet2.0;
            let mut lock = lock.lock();
            *lock = true;
            cvar.notify_one();
        });

        let &(ref lock, ref cvar) = &*packet.0;
        let mut lock = lock.lock();
        tx.send(()).unwrap();
        assert!(!*lock);
        while !*lock {
            cvar.wait(&mut lock);
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mutex_arc_nested() {
        // Tests nested mutexes and access
        // to underlying data.
        let arc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(1));
        let arc2 = Arc::new(Mutex::new(arc));
        let (tx, rx) = channel();
        let _t = thread::spawn(move || {
            let lock = arc2.lock();
            let lock2 = lock.lock();
            assert_eq!(*lock2, 1);
            tx.send(()).unwrap();
        });
        rx.recv().unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mutex_arc_access_in_unwind() {
        let arc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(1));
        let arc2 = arc.clone();
        let _ = thread::spawn(move || -> () {
            struct Unwinder {
                i: Arc<Mutex<i32>>,
            }
            impl Drop for Unwinder {
                fn drop(&mut self) {
                    *self.i.lock() += 1;
                }
            }
            let _u = Unwinder { i: arc2 };
            panic!();
        }).join();
        let lock = arc.lock();
        assert_eq!(*lock, 2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mutex_unsized() {
        let mutex: &Mutex<[i32]> = &Mutex::new([1, 2, 3]);
        {
            let b = &mut *mutex.lock();
            b[0] = 4;
            b[2] = 5;
        }
        let comp: &[i32] = &[4, 2, 5];
        assert_eq!(&*mutex.lock(), comp);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mutexguard_sync() {
        fn sync<T: Sync>(_: T) {}

        let mutex = Mutex::new(());
        sync(mutex.lock());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_mutex_debug() {
        let mutex = Mutex::new(vec![0u8, 10]);

        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", mutex), "Mutex { data: [0, 10] }");
        assert_eq!(
            format!("{:#?}", mutex),
            "Mutex {
    data: [
        0,
        10
    ]
}"
        );
        let _lock = mutex.lock();
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", mutex), "Mutex { <locked> }");
    }
}