1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
// Copyright 2016 Amanieu d'Antras
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0, <LICENSE-APACHE or
// http://apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license <LICENSE-MIT or
// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your option. This file may not be
// copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.

use core::cell::UnsafeCell;
use core::fmt;
use core::marker::PhantomData;
use core::mem;
use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};

#[cfg(feature = "owning_ref")]
use owning_ref::StableAddress;

/// Basic operations for a reader-writer lock.
///
/// Types implementing this trait can be used by `RwLock` to form a safe and
/// fully-functioning `RwLock` type.
///
/// # Safety
///
/// Implementations of this trait must ensure that the `RwLock` is actually
/// exclusive: an exclusive lock can't be acquired while an exclusive or shared
/// lock exists, and a shared lock can't be acquire while an exclusive lock
/// exists.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLock {
    /// Initial value for an unlocked `RwLock`.
    const INIT: Self;

    /// Marker type which determines whether a lock guard should be `Send`. Use
    /// one of the `GuardSend` or `GuardNoSend` helper types here.
    type GuardMarker;

    /// Acquires a shared lock, blocking the current thread until it is able to do so.
    fn lock_shared(&self);

    /// Attempts to acquire a shared lock without blocking.
    fn try_lock_shared(&self) -> bool;

    /// Releases a shared lock.
    fn unlock_shared(&self);

    /// Acquires an exclusive lock, blocking the current thread until it is able to do so.
    fn lock_exclusive(&self);

    /// Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock without blocking.
    fn try_lock_exclusive(&self) -> bool;

    /// Releases an exclusive lock.
    fn unlock_exclusive(&self);
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support fair unlocking.
///
/// Fair unlocking means that a lock is handed directly over to the next waiting
/// thread if there is one, without giving other threads the opportunity to
/// "steal" the lock in the meantime. This is typically slower than unfair
/// unlocking, but may be necessary in certain circumstances.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockFair: RawRwLock {
    /// Releases a shared lock using a fair unlock protocol.
    fn unlock_shared_fair(&self);

    /// Releases an exclusive lock using a fair unlock protocol.
    fn unlock_exclusive_fair(&self);

    /// Temporarily yields a shared lock to a waiting thread if there is one.
    ///
    /// This method is functionally equivalent to calling `unlock_shared_fair` followed
    /// by `lock_shared`, however it can be much more efficient in the case where there
    /// are no waiting threads.
    fn bump_shared(&self) {
        self.unlock_shared_fair();
        self.lock_shared();
    }

    /// Temporarily yields an exclusive lock to a waiting thread if there is one.
    ///
    /// This method is functionally equivalent to calling `unlock_exclusive_fair` followed
    /// by `lock_exclusive`, however it can be much more efficient in the case where there
    /// are no waiting threads.
    fn bump_exclusive(&self) {
        self.unlock_exclusive_fair();
        self.lock_exclusive();
    }
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support atomically downgrading an
/// exclusive lock to a shared lock.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockDowngrade: RawRwLock {
    /// Atomically downgrades an exclusive lock into a shared lock without
    /// allowing any thread to take an exclusive lock in the meantime.
    fn downgrade(&self);
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support locking with timeouts.
///
/// The `Duration` and `Instant` types are specified as associated types so that
/// this trait is usable even in `no_std` environments.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockTimed: RawRwLock {
    /// Duration type used for `try_lock_for`.
    type Duration;

    /// Instant type used for `try_lock_until`.
    type Instant;

    /// Attempts to acquire a shared lock until a timeout is reached.
    fn try_lock_shared_for(&self, timeout: Self::Duration) -> bool;

    /// Attempts to acquire a shared lock until a timeout is reached.
    fn try_lock_shared_until(&self, timeout: Self::Instant) -> bool;

    /// Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock until a timeout is reached.
    fn try_lock_exclusive_for(&self, timeout: Self::Duration) -> bool;

    /// Attempts to acquire an exclusive lock until a timeout is reached.
    fn try_lock_exclusive_until(&self, timeout: Self::Instant) -> bool;
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support recursive read locks.
///
/// These are guaranteed to succeed without blocking if
/// another read lock is held at the time of the call. This allows a thread
/// to recursively lock a `RwLock`. However using this method can cause
/// writers to starve since readers no longer block if a writer is waiting
/// for the lock.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockRecursive: RawRwLock {
    /// Acquires a shared lock without deadlocking in case of a recursive lock.
    fn lock_shared_recursive(&self);

    /// Attempts to acquire a shared lock without deadlocking in case of a recursive lock.
    fn try_lock_shared_recursive(&self) -> bool;
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support recursive read locks and timeouts.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockRecursiveTimed: RawRwLockRecursive + RawRwLockTimed {
    /// Attempts to acquire a shared lock until a timeout is reached, without
    /// deadlocking in case of a recursive lock.
    fn try_lock_shared_recursive_for(&self, timeout: Self::Duration) -> bool;

    /// Attempts to acquire a shared lock until a timeout is reached, without
    /// deadlocking in case of a recursive lock.
    fn try_lock_shared_recursive_until(&self, timeout: Self::Instant) -> bool;
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support atomically upgrading a shared
/// lock to an exclusive lock.
///
/// This requires acquiring a special "upgradable read lock" instead of a
/// normal shared lock. There may only be one upgradable lock at any time,
/// otherwise deadlocks could occur when upgrading.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockUpgrade: RawRwLock {
    /// Acquires an upgradable lock, blocking the current thread until it is able to do so.
    fn lock_upgradable(&self);

    /// Attempts to acquire an upgradable lock without blocking.
    fn try_lock_upgradable(&self) -> bool;

    /// Releases an upgradable lock.
    fn unlock_upgradable(&self);

    /// Upgrades an upgradable lock to an exclusive lock.
    fn upgrade(&self);

    /// Attempts to upgrade an upgradable lock to an exclusive lock without
    /// blocking.
    fn try_upgrade(&self) -> bool;
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support upgradable locks and fair
/// unlocking.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockUpgradeFair: RawRwLockUpgrade + RawRwLockFair {
    /// Releases an upgradable lock using a fair unlock protocol.
    fn unlock_upgradable_fair(&self);

    /// Temporarily yields an upgradable lock to a waiting thread if there is one.
    ///
    /// This method is functionally equivalent to calling `unlock_upgradable_fair` followed
    /// by `lock_upgradable`, however it can be much more efficient in the case where there
    /// are no waiting threads.
    fn bump_upgradable(&self) {
        self.unlock_upgradable_fair();
        self.lock_upgradable();
    }
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support upgradable locks and lock
/// downgrading.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockUpgradeDowngrade: RawRwLockUpgrade + RawRwLockDowngrade {
    /// Downgrades an upgradable lock to a shared lock.
    fn downgrade_upgradable(&self);

    /// Downgrades an exclusive lock to an upgradable lock.
    fn downgrade_to_upgradable(&self);
}

/// Additional methods for RwLocks which support upgradable locks and locking
/// with timeouts.
pub unsafe trait RawRwLockUpgradeTimed: RawRwLockUpgrade + RawRwLockTimed {
    /// Attempts to acquire an upgradable lock until a timeout is reached.
    fn try_lock_upgradable_for(&self, timeout: Self::Duration) -> bool;

    /// Attempts to acquire an upgradable lock until a timeout is reached.
    fn try_lock_upgradable_until(&self, timeout: Self::Instant) -> bool;

    /// Attempts to upgrade an upgradable lock to an exclusive lock until a
    /// timeout is reached.
    fn try_upgrade_for(&self, timeout: Self::Duration) -> bool;

    /// Attempts to upgrade an upgradable lock to an exclusive lock until a
    /// timeout is reached.
    fn try_upgrade_until(&self, timeout: Self::Instant) -> bool;
}

/// A reader-writer lock
///
/// This type of lock allows a number of readers or at most one writer at any
/// point in time. The write portion of this lock typically allows modification
/// of the underlying data (exclusive access) and the read portion of this lock
/// typically allows for read-only access (shared access).
///
/// The type parameter `T` represents the data that this lock protects. It is
/// required that `T` satisfies `Send` to be shared across threads and `Sync` to
/// allow concurrent access through readers. The RAII guards returned from the
/// locking methods implement `Deref` (and `DerefMut` for the `write` methods)
/// to allow access to the contained of the lock.
pub struct RwLock<R: RawRwLock, T: ?Sized> {
    raw: R,
    data: UnsafeCell<T>,
}

unsafe impl<R: RawRwLock + Send, T: ?Sized + Send> Send for RwLock<R, T> {}
unsafe impl<R: RawRwLock + Sync, T: ?Sized + Send + Sync> Sync for RwLock<R, T> {}

impl<R: RawRwLock, T> RwLock<R, T> {
    /// Creates a new instance of an `RwLock<T>` which is unlocked.
    #[cfg(feature = "nightly")]
    #[inline]
    pub const fn new(val: T) -> RwLock<R, T> {
        RwLock {
            data: UnsafeCell::new(val),
            raw: R::INIT,
        }
    }

    /// Creates a new instance of an `RwLock<T>` which is unlocked.
    #[cfg(not(feature = "nightly"))]
    #[inline]
    pub fn new(val: T) -> RwLock<R, T> {
        RwLock {
            data: UnsafeCell::new(val),
            raw: R::INIT,
        }
    }

    /// Consumes this `RwLock`, returning the underlying data.
    #[inline]
    #[allow(unused_unsafe)]
    pub fn into_inner(self) -> T {
        unsafe { self.data.into_inner() }
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLock, T: ?Sized> RwLock<R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn read_guard(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<R, T> {
        RwLockReadGuard {
            rwlock: self,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    #[inline]
    fn write_guard(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<R, T> {
        RwLockWriteGuard {
            rwlock: self,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Locks this `RwLock` with shared read access, blocking the current thread
    /// until it can be acquired.
    ///
    /// The calling thread will be blocked until there are no more writers which
    /// hold the lock. There may be other readers currently inside the lock when
    /// this method returns.
    ///
    /// Note that attempts to recursively acquire a read lock on a `RwLock` when
    /// the current thread already holds one may result in a deadlock.
    ///
    /// Returns an RAII guard which will release this thread's shared access
    /// once it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn read(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<R, T> {
        self.raw.lock_shared();
        self.read_guard()
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with shared read access.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted at this time, then `None` is returned.
    /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the shared access
    /// when it is dropped.
    ///
    /// This function does not block.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_read(&self) -> Option<RwLockReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_shared() {
            Some(self.read_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Locks this `RwLock` with exclusive write access, blocking the current
    /// thread until it can be acquired.
    ///
    /// This function will not return while other writers or other readers
    /// currently have access to the lock.
    ///
    /// Returns an RAII guard which will drop the write access of this `RwLock`
    /// when dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn write(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<R, T> {
        self.raw.lock_exclusive();
        self.write_guard()
    }

    /// Attempts to lock this `RwLock` with exclusive write access.
    ///
    /// If the lock could not be acquired at this time, then `None` is returned.
    /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the lock when
    /// it is dropped.
    ///
    /// This function does not block.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_write(&self) -> Option<RwLockWriteGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_exclusive() {
            Some(self.write_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Returns a mutable reference to the underlying data.
    ///
    /// Since this call borrows the `RwLock` mutably, no actual locking needs to
    /// take place---the mutable borrow statically guarantees no locks exist.
    #[inline]
    pub fn get_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        unsafe { &mut *self.data.get() }
    }

    /// Forcibly unlocks a read lock.
    ///
    /// This is useful when combined with `mem::forget` to hold a lock without
    /// the need to maintain a `RwLockReadGuard` object alive, for example when
    /// dealing with FFI.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This method must only be called if the current thread logically owns a
    /// `RwLockReadGuard` but that guard has be discarded using `mem::forget`.
    /// Behavior is undefined if a rwlock is read-unlocked when not read-locked.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn force_unlock_read(&self) {
        self.raw.unlock_shared();
    }

    /// Forcibly unlocks a write lock.
    ///
    /// This is useful when combined with `mem::forget` to hold a lock without
    /// the need to maintain a `RwLockWriteGuard` object alive, for example when
    /// dealing with FFI.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This method must only be called if the current thread logically owns a
    /// `RwLockWriteGuard` but that guard has be discarded using `mem::forget`.
    /// Behavior is undefined if a rwlock is write-unlocked when not write-locked.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn force_unlock_write(&self) {
        self.raw.unlock_exclusive();
    }

    /// Returns the underlying raw reader-writer lock object.
    ///
    /// Note that you will most likely need to import the `RawRwLock` trait from
    /// `lock_api` to be able to call functions on the raw
    /// reader-writer lock.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This method is unsafe because it allows unlocking a mutex while
    /// still holding a reference to a lock guard.
    pub unsafe fn raw(&self) -> &R {
        &self.raw
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLockFair, T: ?Sized> RwLock<R, T> {
    /// Forcibly unlocks a read lock using a fair unlock procotol.
    ///
    /// This is useful when combined with `mem::forget` to hold a lock without
    /// the need to maintain a `RwLockReadGuard` object alive, for example when
    /// dealing with FFI.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This method must only be called if the current thread logically owns a
    /// `RwLockReadGuard` but that guard has be discarded using `mem::forget`.
    /// Behavior is undefined if a rwlock is read-unlocked when not read-locked.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn force_unlock_read_fair(&self) {
        self.raw.unlock_shared_fair();
    }

    /// Forcibly unlocks a write lock using a fair unlock procotol.
    ///
    /// This is useful when combined with `mem::forget` to hold a lock without
    /// the need to maintain a `RwLockWriteGuard` object alive, for example when
    /// dealing with FFI.
    ///
    /// # Safety
    ///
    /// This method must only be called if the current thread logically owns a
    /// `RwLockWriteGuard` but that guard has be discarded using `mem::forget`.
    /// Behavior is undefined if a rwlock is write-unlocked when not write-locked.
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn force_unlock_write_fair(&self) {
        self.raw.unlock_exclusive_fair();
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLockTimed, T: ?Sized> RwLock<R, T> {
    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with shared read access until a timeout
    /// is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the shared access when it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_read_for(&self, timeout: R::Duration) -> Option<RwLockReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_shared_for(timeout) {
            Some(self.read_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with shared read access until a timeout
    /// is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the shared access when it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_read_until(&self, timeout: R::Instant) -> Option<RwLockReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_shared_until(timeout) {
            Some(self.read_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with exclusive write access until a
    /// timeout is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the exclusive access when it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_write_for(&self, timeout: R::Duration) -> Option<RwLockWriteGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_exclusive_for(timeout) {
            Some(self.write_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with exclusive write access until a
    /// timeout is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the exclusive access when it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_write_until(&self, timeout: R::Instant) -> Option<RwLockWriteGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_exclusive_until(timeout) {
            Some(self.write_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLockRecursive, T: ?Sized> RwLock<R, T> {
    /// Locks this `RwLock` with shared read access, blocking the current thread
    /// until it can be acquired.
    ///
    /// The calling thread will be blocked until there are no more writers which
    /// hold the lock. There may be other readers currently inside the lock when
    /// this method returns.
    ///
    /// Unlike `read`, this method is guaranteed to succeed without blocking if
    /// another read lock is held at the time of the call. This allows a thread
    /// to recursively lock a `RwLock`. However using this method can cause
    /// writers to starve since readers no longer block if a writer is waiting
    /// for the lock.
    ///
    /// Returns an RAII guard which will release this thread's shared access
    /// once it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn read_recursive(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<R, T> {
        self.raw.lock_shared_recursive();
        self.read_guard()
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with shared read access.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted at this time, then `None` is returned.
    /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the shared access
    /// when it is dropped.
    ///
    /// This method is guaranteed to succeed if another read lock is held at the
    /// time of the call. See the documentation for `read_recursive` for details.
    ///
    /// This function does not block.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_read_recursive(&self) -> Option<RwLockReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_shared_recursive() {
            Some(self.read_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLockRecursiveTimed, T: ?Sized> RwLock<R, T> {
    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with shared read access until a timeout
    /// is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the shared access when it is dropped.
    ///
    /// This method is guaranteed to succeed without blocking if another read
    /// lock is held at the time of the call. See the documentation for
    /// `read_recursive` for details.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_read_recursive_for(&self, timeout: R::Duration) -> Option<RwLockReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_shared_recursive_for(timeout) {
            Some(self.read_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with shared read access until a timeout
    /// is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the shared access when it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_read_recursive_until(&self, timeout: R::Instant) -> Option<RwLockReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_shared_recursive_until(timeout) {
            Some(self.read_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLockUpgrade, T: ?Sized> RwLock<R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn upgradable_guard(&self) -> RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<R, T> {
        RwLockUpgradableReadGuard {
            rwlock: self,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Locks this `RwLock` with upgradable read access, blocking the current thread
    /// until it can be acquired.
    ///
    /// The calling thread will be blocked until there are no more writers or other
    /// upgradable reads which hold the lock. There may be other readers currently
    /// inside the lock when this method returns.
    ///
    /// Returns an RAII guard which will release this thread's shared access
    /// once it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn upgradable_read(&self) -> RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<R, T> {
        self.raw.lock_upgradable();
        self.upgradable_guard()
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with upgradable read access.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted at this time, then `None` is returned.
    /// Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will release the shared access
    /// when it is dropped.
    ///
    /// This function does not block.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_upgradable_read(&self) -> Option<RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_upgradable() {
            Some(self.upgradable_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLockUpgradeTimed, T: ?Sized> RwLock<R, T> {
    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with upgradable read access until a timeout
    /// is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the shared access when it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_upgradable_read_for(
        &self,
        timeout: R::Duration,
    ) -> Option<RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_upgradable_for(timeout) {
            Some(self.upgradable_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to acquire this `RwLock` with upgradable read access until a timeout
    /// is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// `None` is returned. Otherwise, an RAII guard is returned which will
    /// release the shared access when it is dropped.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_upgradable_read_until(
        &self,
        timeout: R::Instant,
    ) -> Option<RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<R, T>> {
        if self.raw.try_lock_upgradable_until(timeout) {
            Some(self.upgradable_guard())
        } else {
            None
        }
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLock, T: ?Sized + Default> Default for RwLock<R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn default() -> RwLock<R, T> {
        RwLock::new(Default::default())
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLock, T> From<T> for RwLock<R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn from(t: T) -> RwLock<R, T> {
        RwLock::new(t)
    }
}

impl<R: RawRwLock, T: ?Sized + fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for RwLock<R, T> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        match self.try_read() {
            Some(guard) => f.debug_struct("RwLock").field("data", &&*guard).finish(),
            None => f.pad("RwLock { <locked> }"),
        }
    }
}

/// RAII structure used to release the shared read access of a lock when
/// dropped.
#[must_use]
pub struct RwLockReadGuard<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
    rwlock: &'a RwLock<R, T>,
    marker: PhantomData<(&'a T, R::GuardMarker)>,
}

unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + Sync + 'a> Sync for RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Returns a reference to the original reader-writer lock object.
    pub fn rwlock(s: &Self) -> &'a RwLock<R, T> {
        s.rwlock
    }

    /// Make a new `MappedRwLockReadGuard` for a component of the locked data.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `RwLockReadGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `RwLockReadGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, U>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> &U,
    {
        let raw = &s.rwlock.raw;
        let data = f(unsafe { &*s.rwlock.data.get() });
        mem::forget(s);
        MappedRwLockReadGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to make  a new `MappedRwLockReadGuard` for a component of the
    /// locked data. The original guard is return if the closure returns `None`.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `RwLockReadGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `RwLockReadGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> Result<MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, U>, Self>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> Option<&U>,
    {
        let raw = &s.rwlock.raw;
        let data = match f(unsafe { &*s.rwlock.data.get() }) {
            Some(data) => data,
            None => return Err(s),
        };
        mem::forget(s);
        Ok(MappedRwLockReadGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        })
    }

    /// Temporarily unlocks the `RwLock` to execute the given function.
    ///
    /// The `RwLock` is unlocked a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// This is safe because `&mut` guarantees that there exist no other
    /// references to the data protected by the `RwLock`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlocked<F, U>(s: &mut Self, f: F) -> U
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> U,
    {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_shared();
        defer!(s.rwlock.raw.lock_shared());
        f()
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockFair + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Unlocks the `RwLock` using a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// By default, `RwLock` is unfair and allow the current thread to re-lock
    /// the `RwLock` before another has the chance to acquire the lock, even if
    /// that thread has been blocked on the `RwLock` for a long time. This is
    /// the default because it allows much higher throughput as it avoids
    /// forcing a context switch on every `RwLock` unlock. This can result in one
    /// thread acquiring a `RwLock` many more times than other threads.
    ///
    /// However in some cases it can be beneficial to ensure fairness by forcing
    /// the lock to pass on to a waiting thread if there is one. This is done by
    /// using this method instead of dropping the `RwLockReadGuard` normally.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlock_fair(s: Self) {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_shared_fair();
        mem::forget(s);
    }

    /// Temporarily unlocks the `RwLock` to execute the given function.
    ///
    /// The `RwLock` is unlocked a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// This is safe because `&mut` guarantees that there exist no other
    /// references to the data protected by the `RwLock`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlocked_fair<F, U>(s: &mut Self, f: F) -> U
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> U,
    {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_shared_fair();
        defer!(s.rwlock.raw.lock_shared());
        f()
    }

    /// Temporarily yields the `RwLock` to a waiting thread if there is one.
    ///
    /// This method is functionally equivalent to calling `unlock_fair` followed
    /// by `read`, however it can be much more efficient in the case where there
    /// are no waiting threads.
    #[inline]
    pub fn bump(s: &mut Self) {
        s.rwlock.raw.bump_shared();
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Deref for RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    type Target = T;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        unsafe { &*self.rwlock.data.get() }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Drop for RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.rwlock.raw.unlock_shared();
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "owning_ref")]
unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> StableAddress for RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {}

/// RAII structure used to release the exclusive write access of a lock when
/// dropped.
#[must_use]
pub struct RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
    rwlock: &'a RwLock<R, T>,
    marker: PhantomData<(&'a mut T, R::GuardMarker)>,
}

unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + Sync + 'a> Sync for RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Returns a reference to the original reader-writer lock object.
    pub fn rwlock(s: &Self) -> &'a RwLock<R, T> {
        s.rwlock
    }

    /// Make a new `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` for a component of the locked data.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `RwLockWriteGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `RwLockWriteGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, U>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> &mut U,
    {
        let raw = &s.rwlock.raw;
        let data = f(unsafe { &mut *s.rwlock.data.get() });
        mem::forget(s);
        MappedRwLockWriteGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to make  a new `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` for a component of the
    /// locked data. The original guard is return if the closure returns `None`.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `RwLockWriteGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `RwLockWriteGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> Result<MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, U>, Self>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> Option<&mut U>,
    {
        let raw = &s.rwlock.raw;
        let data = match f(unsafe { &mut *s.rwlock.data.get() }) {
            Some(data) => data,
            None => return Err(s),
        };
        mem::forget(s);
        Ok(MappedRwLockWriteGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        })
    }

    /// Temporarily unlocks the `RwLock` to execute the given function.
    ///
    /// This is safe because `&mut` guarantees that there exist no other
    /// references to the data protected by the `RwLock`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlocked<F, U>(s: &mut Self, f: F) -> U
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> U,
    {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_exclusive();
        defer!(s.rwlock.raw.lock_exclusive());
        f()
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockDowngrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Atomically downgrades a write lock into a read lock without allowing any
    /// writers to take exclusive access of the lock in the meantime.
    ///
    /// Note that if there are any writers currently waiting to take the lock
    /// then other readers may not be able to acquire the lock even if it was
    /// downgraded.
    pub fn downgrade(s: Self) -> RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
        s.rwlock.raw.downgrade();
        let rwlock = s.rwlock;
        mem::forget(s);
        RwLockReadGuard {
            rwlock,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgradeDowngrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Atomically downgrades a write lock into an upgradable read lock without allowing any
    /// writers to take exclusive access of the lock in the meantime.
    ///
    /// Note that if there are any writers currently waiting to take the lock
    /// then other readers may not be able to acquire the lock even if it was
    /// downgraded.
    pub fn downgrade_to_upgradable(s: Self) -> RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
        s.rwlock.raw.downgrade_to_upgradable();
        let rwlock = s.rwlock;
        mem::forget(s);
        RwLockUpgradableReadGuard {
            rwlock,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockFair + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Unlocks the `RwLock` using a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// By default, `RwLock` is unfair and allow the current thread to re-lock
    /// the `RwLock` before another has the chance to acquire the lock, even if
    /// that thread has been blocked on the `RwLock` for a long time. This is
    /// the default because it allows much higher throughput as it avoids
    /// forcing a context switch on every `RwLock` unlock. This can result in one
    /// thread acquiring a `RwLock` many more times than other threads.
    ///
    /// However in some cases it can be beneficial to ensure fairness by forcing
    /// the lock to pass on to a waiting thread if there is one. This is done by
    /// using this method instead of dropping the `RwLockWriteGuard` normally.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlock_fair(s: Self) {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_exclusive_fair();
        mem::forget(s);
    }

    /// Temporarily unlocks the `RwLock` to execute the given function.
    ///
    /// The `RwLock` is unlocked a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// This is safe because `&mut` guarantees that there exist no other
    /// references to the data protected by the `RwLock`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlocked_fair<F, U>(s: &mut Self, f: F) -> U
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> U,
    {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_exclusive_fair();
        defer!(s.rwlock.raw.lock_exclusive());
        f()
    }

    /// Temporarily yields the `RwLock` to a waiting thread if there is one.
    ///
    /// This method is functionally equivalent to calling `unlock_fair` followed
    /// by `write`, however it can be much more efficient in the case where there
    /// are no waiting threads.
    #[inline]
    pub fn bump(s: &mut Self) {
        s.rwlock.raw.bump_exclusive();
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Deref for RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    type Target = T;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        unsafe { &*self.rwlock.data.get() }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> DerefMut for RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        unsafe { &mut *self.rwlock.data.get() }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Drop for RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.rwlock.raw.unlock_exclusive();
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "owning_ref")]
unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> StableAddress for RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {}

/// RAII structure used to release the upgradable read access of a lock when
/// dropped.
#[must_use]
pub struct RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
    rwlock: &'a RwLock<R, T>,
    marker: PhantomData<(&'a T, R::GuardMarker)>,
}

unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + Sync + 'a> Sync
    for RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T>
{}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Returns a reference to the original reader-writer lock object.
    pub fn rwlock(s: &Self) -> &'a RwLock<R, T> {
        s.rwlock
    }

    /// Temporarily unlocks the `RwLock` to execute the given function.
    ///
    /// This is safe because `&mut` guarantees that there exist no other
    /// references to the data protected by the `RwLock`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlocked<F, U>(s: &mut Self, f: F) -> U
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> U,
    {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_upgradable();
        defer!(s.rwlock.raw.lock_upgradable());
        f()
    }

    /// Atomically upgrades an upgradable read lock lock into a exclusive write lock,
    /// blocking the current thread until it can be acquired.
    pub fn upgrade(s: Self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
        s.rwlock.raw.upgrade();
        let rwlock = s.rwlock;
        mem::forget(s);
        RwLockWriteGuard {
            rwlock,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Tries to atomically upgrade an upgradable read lock into a exclusive write lock.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted at this time, then the current guard is returned.
    pub fn try_upgrade(s: Self) -> Result<RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>, Self> {
        if s.rwlock.raw.try_upgrade() {
            let rwlock = s.rwlock;
            mem::forget(s);
            Ok(RwLockWriteGuard {
                rwlock,
                marker: PhantomData,
            })
        } else {
            Err(s)
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgradeFair + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Unlocks the `RwLock` using a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// By default, `RwLock` is unfair and allow the current thread to re-lock
    /// the `RwLock` before another has the chance to acquire the lock, even if
    /// that thread has been blocked on the `RwLock` for a long time. This is
    /// the default because it allows much higher throughput as it avoids
    /// forcing a context switch on every `RwLock` unlock. This can result in one
    /// thread acquiring a `RwLock` many more times than other threads.
    ///
    /// However in some cases it can be beneficial to ensure fairness by forcing
    /// the lock to pass on to a waiting thread if there is one. This is done by
    /// using this method instead of dropping the `RwLockUpgradableReadGuard` normally.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlock_fair(s: Self) {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_upgradable_fair();
        mem::forget(s);
    }

    /// Temporarily unlocks the `RwLock` to execute the given function.
    ///
    /// The `RwLock` is unlocked a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// This is safe because `&mut` guarantees that there exist no other
    /// references to the data protected by the `RwLock`.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlocked_fair<F, U>(s: &mut Self, f: F) -> U
    where
        F: FnOnce() -> U,
    {
        s.rwlock.raw.unlock_upgradable_fair();
        defer!(s.rwlock.raw.lock_upgradable());
        f()
    }

    /// Temporarily yields the `RwLock` to a waiting thread if there is one.
    ///
    /// This method is functionally equivalent to calling `unlock_fair` followed
    /// by `upgradable_read`, however it can be much more efficient in the case where there
    /// are no waiting threads.
    #[inline]
    pub fn bump(s: &mut Self) {
        s.rwlock.raw.bump_upgradable();
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgradeDowngrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Atomically downgrades an upgradable read lock lock into a shared read lock
    /// without allowing any writers to take exclusive access of the lock in the
    /// meantime.
    ///
    /// Note that if there are any writers currently waiting to take the lock
    /// then other readers may not be able to acquire the lock even if it was
    /// downgraded.
    pub fn downgrade(s: Self) -> RwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
        s.rwlock.raw.downgrade_upgradable();
        let rwlock = s.rwlock;
        mem::forget(s);
        RwLockReadGuard {
            rwlock,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgradeTimed + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Tries to atomically upgrade an upgradable read lock into a exclusive
    /// write lock, until a timeout is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// the current guard is returned.
    pub fn try_upgrade_for(
        s: Self,
        timeout: R::Duration,
    ) -> Result<RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>, Self> {
        if s.rwlock.raw.try_upgrade_for(timeout) {
            let rwlock = s.rwlock;
            mem::forget(s);
            Ok(RwLockWriteGuard {
                rwlock,
                marker: PhantomData,
            })
        } else {
            Err(s)
        }
    }

    /// Tries to atomically upgrade an upgradable read lock into a exclusive
    /// write lock, until a timeout is reached.
    ///
    /// If the access could not be granted before the timeout expires, then
    /// the current guard is returned.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_upgrade_until(
        s: Self,
        timeout: R::Instant,
    ) -> Result<RwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>, Self> {
        if s.rwlock.raw.try_upgrade_until(timeout) {
            let rwlock = s.rwlock;
            mem::forget(s);
            Ok(RwLockWriteGuard {
                rwlock,
                marker: PhantomData,
            })
        } else {
            Err(s)
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Deref for RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    type Target = T;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        unsafe { &*self.rwlock.data.get() }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Drop for RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.rwlock.raw.unlock_upgradable();
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "owning_ref")]
unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLockUpgrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> StableAddress
    for RwLockUpgradableReadGuard<'a, R, T>
{}

/// An RAII read lock guard returned by `RwLockReadGuard::map`, which can point to a
/// subfield of the protected data.
///
/// The main difference between `MappedRwLockReadGuard` and `RwLockReadGuard` is that the
/// former doesn't support temporarily unlocking and re-locking, since that
/// could introduce soundness issues if the locked object is modified by another
/// thread.
#[must_use]
pub struct MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
    raw: &'a R,
    data: *const T,
    marker: PhantomData<&'a T>,
}

unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + Sync + 'a> Sync for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {}
unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Send for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> where
    R::GuardMarker: Send
{}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Make a new `MappedRwLockReadGuard` for a component of the locked data.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `MappedRwLockReadGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `MappedRwLockReadGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, U>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> &U,
    {
        let raw = s.raw;
        let data = f(unsafe { &*s.data });
        mem::forget(s);
        MappedRwLockReadGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to make  a new `MappedRwLockReadGuard` for a component of the
    /// locked data. The original guard is return if the closure returns `None`.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `MappedRwLockReadGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `MappedRwLockReadGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> Result<MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, U>, Self>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&T) -> Option<&U>,
    {
        let raw = s.raw;
        let data = match f(unsafe { &*s.data }) {
            Some(data) => data,
            None => return Err(s),
        };
        mem::forget(s);
        Ok(MappedRwLockReadGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        })
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockFair + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Unlocks the `RwLock` using a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// By default, `RwLock` is unfair and allow the current thread to re-lock
    /// the `RwLock` before another has the chance to acquire the lock, even if
    /// that thread has been blocked on the `RwLock` for a long time. This is
    /// the default because it allows much higher throughput as it avoids
    /// forcing a context switch on every `RwLock` unlock. This can result in one
    /// thread acquiring a `RwLock` many more times than other threads.
    ///
    /// However in some cases it can be beneficial to ensure fairness by forcing
    /// the lock to pass on to a waiting thread if there is one. This is done by
    /// using this method instead of dropping the `MappedRwLockReadGuard` normally.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlock_fair(s: Self) {
        s.raw.unlock_shared_fair();
        mem::forget(s);
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Deref for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    type Target = T;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        unsafe { &*self.data }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Drop for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.raw.unlock_shared();
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "owning_ref")]
unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> StableAddress
    for MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T>
{}

/// An RAII write lock guard returned by `RwLockWriteGuard::map`, which can point to a
/// subfield of the protected data.
///
/// The main difference between `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` and `RwLockWriteGuard` is that the
/// former doesn't support temporarily unlocking and re-locking, since that
/// could introduce soundness issues if the locked object is modified by another
/// thread.
#[must_use]
pub struct MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> {
    raw: &'a R,
    data: *mut T,
    marker: PhantomData<&'a mut T>,
}

unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + Sync + 'a> Sync
    for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>
{}
unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Send for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> where
    R::GuardMarker: Send
{}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Make a new `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` for a component of the locked data.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `MappedRwLockWriteGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, U>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> &mut U,
    {
        let raw = s.raw;
        let data = f(unsafe { &mut *s.data });
        mem::forget(s);
        MappedRwLockWriteGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    /// Attempts to make  a new `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` for a component of the
    /// locked data. The original guard is return if the closure returns `None`.
    ///
    /// This operation cannot fail as the `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` passed
    /// in already locked the data.
    ///
    /// This is an associated function that needs to be
    /// used as `MappedRwLockWriteGuard::map(...)`. A method would interfere with methods of
    /// the same name on the contents of the locked data.
    #[inline]
    pub fn try_map<U: ?Sized, F>(s: Self, f: F) -> Result<MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, U>, Self>
    where
        F: FnOnce(&mut T) -> Option<&mut U>,
    {
        let raw = s.raw;
        let data = match f(unsafe { &mut *s.data }) {
            Some(data) => data,
            None => return Err(s),
        };
        mem::forget(s);
        Ok(MappedRwLockWriteGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        })
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockDowngrade + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Atomically downgrades a write lock into a read lock without allowing any
    /// writers to take exclusive access of the lock in the meantime.
    ///
    /// Note that if there are any writers currently waiting to take the lock
    /// then other readers may not be able to acquire the lock even if it was
    /// downgraded.
    pub fn downgrade(s: Self) -> MappedRwLockReadGuard<'a, R, T> {
        s.raw.downgrade();
        let raw = s.raw;
        let data = s.data;
        mem::forget(s);
        MappedRwLockReadGuard {
            raw,
            data,
            marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLockFair + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    /// Unlocks the `RwLock` using a fair unlock protocol.
    ///
    /// By default, `RwLock` is unfair and allow the current thread to re-lock
    /// the `RwLock` before another has the chance to acquire the lock, even if
    /// that thread has been blocked on the `RwLock` for a long time. This is
    /// the default because it allows much higher throughput as it avoids
    /// forcing a context switch on every `RwLock` unlock. This can result in one
    /// thread acquiring a `RwLock` many more times than other threads.
    ///
    /// However in some cases it can be beneficial to ensure fairness by forcing
    /// the lock to pass on to a waiting thread if there is one. This is done by
    /// using this method instead of dropping the `MappedRwLockWriteGuard` normally.
    #[inline]
    pub fn unlock_fair(s: Self) {
        s.raw.unlock_exclusive_fair();
        mem::forget(s);
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Deref for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    type Target = T;
    #[inline]
    fn deref(&self) -> &T {
        unsafe { &*self.data }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> DerefMut for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T {
        unsafe { &mut *self.data }
    }
}

impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> Drop for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T> {
    #[inline]
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        self.raw.unlock_exclusive();
    }
}

#[cfg(feature = "owning_ref")]
unsafe impl<'a, R: RawRwLock + 'a, T: ?Sized + 'a> StableAddress
    for MappedRwLockWriteGuard<'a, R, T>
{}